From the Smithsonian American Art Museum. [42] The winter cloaks of the women were striking, fashioned from the iridescent body feathers of wild turkeys.[43]. The restoration of tribal recognition by the state of New Jersey was not reinstated until November 2018. [68] Reverend John Brainerd abandoned the reservation in 1777. Test. Since 2009, Lenape Center based in Manhattan and led by Lenape elders has created programs, exhibitions, workshops, performances, symposia, land acknowledgment, and ceremonies to continue our Lenape presence. In 1854, Congress passed the KansasNebraska Act, which created the Territory of Kansas and opened the area for white settlement. His actions helped save the fort, but the Americans abandoned it in August 1779. The Lenape were reluctant to negotiate for yet another relocation, but they feared serious trouble with white settlers, and conflict developed. In the early 19th century the amateur anthropologist Silas Wood published a book claiming that there were several American Indian tribes that were distinct to Long Island, New York. For example, our symbol represents a Turtle, but that is not to say Turtle Clan dominates or nation. [86][87][88] Occasionally, they played surprising roles as Indian allies. [53] After the Dutch arrival in the 1620s, the Lenape were successful in restricting Dutch settlement until the 1660s to Pavonia in present-day Jersey City along the Hudson. Our symbol centers on the Cross of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, adorned with the tribal colors of the "Four Sacred Directions" indicating the redeeming power and truth of the Gospel at all places, times, and stages of life. This land was purchased from the Lenape after the fact.[53]. The Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation are native families from southern NJ and the Delmarva Peninsula who remained in our ancestral homeland . [citation needed] The Moravians accompanied Lenape relocations to Ohio and Canada, continuing their missionary work. Dutch traders were established on the banks of the Delaware River by 1623. [81][82] Wood (and earlier settlers) often misinterpreted the Indian use of place names for autonyms. The name Lenni Lenape, also Leni Lenape and Lenni Lenapi, comes from their autonym, Lenni, which may mean "genuine, pure, real, original", and Lenape, meaning "real person" or "original person"[13] (cf. Europeans often tried to contract for land with the tribal chiefs, confusing their culture with that of neighboring tribes such as the Iroquois. 1608: The Nanticoke encounter Captain John Smith and his men during Smith's exploration of the Nanticoke River. The Dutch finally established a garrison at Bergen, which allowed settlement west of the Hudson within the province of New Netherland. [citation needed], Other Indian communities, particularly the Wyandot, the Mingo, the Shawnee, and the Wolf Clan of the Lenape, favored the British. [95], In September 2000, the Delaware Nation of Oklahoma received 11.5 acres (4.7ha) of land in Thornbury Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.[98]. His heirs, John and Thomas Penn, and their agents were running the colony, and had abandoned many of the elder Penn's practices. The largest reserve is at Moraviantown, Ontario, where the Turtle Phratry settled in 1792 following the war. Interestingly, in 1756, The College of New Jersey relocated from Newark to Princeton and erected Nassau Hall on land owned by the Lenape people. He sought the services of the friendly Lenape and, in 1837, enlisted several Lenape to protect the frontier from hostile western tribes. In hot weather men and women wore only loin cloth and skirt respectively, while they used beaver pelts or bear skins to serve as winter mantles. Women were also creative and talented artisans, known for their ability to sew clothing and create pottery and baskets. I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city. Iroquoian peoples occasionally fought the Lenape. Subsequently many Lenape at Coshocton eventually joined the war against the Americans. There are two federally recognized Lenape or Delaware tribes in the United States, and both are in modern-day Oklahoma. Many Lenape did adopt Christianity, but others refused to do so. "Lenni-Lenape" means "real people".The Lenni Lenape inhabited southeastern New York state, eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and northern Maryland. As the Lenape were not considered United States citizens, they had no access to the courts and no way to enforce their property rights. But colonial administrators had prepared the draft that resurfaced in the 1730s. They had to travel west in 1700s. Lenape leaders in the lower Delaware refused to accept it. While Whitman paid literary homage to the original inhabitants of Manhattan, the actual transaction that took place between the Dutch and Lenape in 1626 was less equitable. History: Indian oral traditions call the Lenape home land the original birthplace of the Algonquian tribes, and the Lenape tribe was called "grandfather" by other Algonquian Indian nations on account of this. English translation - common, original or real people. Nanticoke Lenni-Lenapes 40th annual Pow-Wow in Woodstown, New Jersey, on June 7, 2019. of Southern New Jersey and the Delmarva. The subsequent Treaty of Shackamaxon in 1683 with Tammany included an agreement that the European settlers and Lenape would live in a state of perpetual peace. In fact, prior to the 1600s, the Lenape lived all over the Northeastern woodlands and the Eastern Shore of Maryland, as noted on nanticokelenapemuseum.org. Fire Drill: The Fire Drill next to the Mesingw face is used to build ceremonial fires. In consequence, Lenape tribe members lost access to federal grants and scholarships. Anishinaabe, in which -naabe, cognate with Lenape, means "man" or "male"[citation needed]). [56] After the warfare, the Lenape referred to the Susquehannock as "uncles". Members approved a constitution and by laws in a May 26, 2009, vote. This has both a printed and a digital version for Google Slides. In commencing this address I shall take the liberty The Penns and their supporters tried to present this draft as a legitimate deed. What little is known of these early encounters between the Swedes and the Lenape is that both groups were independent, rugged individualists who practiced similar agricultural methods, rotating productive fields of crops along the banks of the Delaware River, according to paheritage.wpengine.com. [citation needed], At the time of the Revolutionary War, the Lenape in Ohio were deeply divided over which side, if any, to take in the war. Oak and hickory forests dotted the landscape while black bears, wildcats, beavers, tree frogs, oysters, mink, brook trout, and bog turtles roamed free. The Lenape continued their peaceful policy with the Americans and served as interpreters, scouts, and diplomats for the US Army and the Indian Bureau. Republic of Texas President Sam Houston favored a policy of peaceful relations with all tribes. The Lenape (English: / l n p i /, / l n p i /, or Lenape IPA: [lnpe], Delaware: Lnapeyok) also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. The story of man's struggle continues through the Great Flood, and the re-settling of the land after the waters receded. [11] Upon reaching adulthood, a Lenape male would marry outside of his clan. Find GIFs with the latest and newest hashtags! The Lenape eventually made use of a slash and burn technique; this form of farming involved shifting active plots of land. Over a period of 176 years, European settlers pushed the Lenape out of the East Coast, through to Ohio and eventually further west. Their historical territory included present-day northeastern Delaware, New Jersey, the Lehigh Valley and other . Men also practiced hunting and the harvesting of seafood. Organizations in Pennsylvania, Idaho and Kansas have petitioned the United States federal government for recognition. Dreibelbis, Dana E., "The Use of Microstructural Growth Patterns of Mercenaria Mercenaria to Determine the Prehistoric Seasons of Harvest at Tuckerton Midden, Tuckerton, New Jersey", pp. This settlement would become known as the first Indian Reservation. The new community was overseen by the Reverend John Brainerd, a devout missionary who named the community Brotherton. Brainerd introduced the use of grist mills and sawmills, and the area eventually took on the name of Indian Mills. She was married on September 23, 1803 in Anne Arundel, Maryland to John Mankins, they had 2 children. [citation needed] Among many Algonquian peoples along the East Coast, the Lenape were considered the "grandfathers" from whom other Algonquian-speaking peoples originated. More than a dozen organizations in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,[105] Virginia, and elsewhere claim descent from Lenape people and are unrecognized tribes. In contrast, the Dutch were eager to establish business in the New World. [59] In Travel they lodge in the Woods about a Great Fire, with the Mantle of Duffills they wear by day, wrapt about them, and a few Boughs stuck round them. The Lenape were major producers of labor intensive wampum, or shell beads, which they traditionally used for ritual purposes and as ornaments. Because I see that word nested in nests of water-bays, superb, New Amsterdam was founded in 1624 by the Dutch in what would later become New York City. In return, Killbuck requested that the Americans build a fort near the major village of Coshocton, to provide the Lenape with protection from potential attacks by British-allied Indians and Loyalists. "Delaware Indians" and "Delaware people" redirect here. One of the most important tribes of Algonquian stock", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenape&oldid=1134007712, the shores from the east-shore mouth of the river and the sea coast to Western Long Island (all of both colonial. According to Delawaretribe.org, the Lenape were gradually pushed over time from their ancestral home along the Delaware to Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, and eventually Oklahoma. The Haudwnosaunee subsequently drove the Lenni-Lenape to the present day New Jersey/Delaware in a war. During the last decades of the 18th century, most Lenape were removed from their homeland by expanding European colonies. They engaged in the trade of land, guns, and beads for beaver pelts. Alternately, lnu may be translated as "man".[14]. Now I see what there is in a name, a word, liquid, sane, unruly, musical, self-sufficient. In the suit titled The Delaware Nation v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the plaintiffs, acting as the successor in interest and political continuation of the Lenni Lenape and of Lenape Chief Moses Tunda Tatamy, claimed aboriginal and fee title to the 315 acres of land located in Forks Township in Northampton County, near the town of Tatamy, Pennsylvania. The United States Army was to enforce their rights to reservation land after the Indian Agent had both posted a public notice warning trespassers and served written notice on them, a process generally considered onerous. The Lenape History (a.k.a Walam Olum) is a valid history of the Lenape (a.k.a. They served as army guides and scouts in events such as the Second Seminole War, Frmont's expeditions, and the conquest of California during the MexicanAmerican War. Sporadically they continued to raid European-American settlers from far outside the area. From the early 1600s, the European settlers called the Lenape people 'Delaware Indians', although there was never a single tribe called either Delaware or Lenape. It is one small part of my large New Jersey state pack for Grade 4. The inclusion of these girls reflects the gender dynamics of Lenni-Lenape society. Men took fowl with nets or arrows, and caught fish with lances, hooks, drag nets, and weirs. Please go to the Instagram Feed settings page to connect an account. The Americans agreed and built Fort Laurens, which they garrisoned. William Penn arrived in his new colony of Pennsylvania in 1682. Women were free to tackle the men. [52] The Lenape would petition for grievances on the basis that not all their families had been recognized in the transaction (not that they wanted to "share" the land). Those Lenape sympathetic to the United States remained at Coshocton, and Lenape leaders signed the Treaty of Fort Pitt (1778) with the American colonists. Unfortunately, they did not survive long after the arrival of the Europeans. They are also often called the Lenni Lenape. The Lenape trace their lineage to the Nanticoke or Tidewater People who resisted British colonial intrusion to the best of their abilities. One Lenape creation legend describes the earth as covered with water. Scholars have criticized the monument for its inaccurate depiction of Lenape dress (the Native American figure is outfitted in Plains Indian garments). By 1860, the Lenpae had reached consensus to leave Kansas, which was in accord with the government's Indian removal policy. For example, a man's maternal uncle (his mother's brother), and not his father, was usually considered to be his closest male relative, since his uncle belonged to his mother's clan and his father belonged to a different one. Clan Symbols: These represent the three clans of the Lenape: Turtle, Wolf and Turkey. Swedish and Finnish colonists followed, significantly predating the arrival of German and English travelers in response to the establishment of William Penns colony. [citation needed], Some Lenape decided to take up arms against the American settlers and moved to the west, closer to Detroit, where they settled on the Scioto and Sandusky rivers. Prayer Sticks: These are around the outer edge of the seal and represent the twelve prayer sticks that were used in the Big House Church. [notes 1] Today, Lenape people belong to the Delaware Nation and Delaware Tribe of Indians in Oklahoma; the StockbridgeMunsee Community in Wisconsin; and the Munsee-Delaware Nation, Moravian of the Thames First Nation, and Delaware of Six Nations in Ontario. [85], Many Lenape participated in the exploration of the western United States, working as trappers with the mountain men, and as guides and hunters for wagon trains. The next Texan President, Mirabeau B. Lamar, completely opposed all Indians. They defeated the Lenape, and some scholars believe that the Lenape may have become tributaries to the Susquehannock. Pastor John Norwood, a former Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape tribal councilperson from South Jersey, said the image is not historically accurate. [40] Women would wear their hair long, usually below the hip, while men kept only a small "round crest, of about 2 inches in diameter". The mother's eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was generally of another clan. The resulting ash provided a nutrient-rich layer to help fertilize future crops. The Lenape were the first tribe to sign a treaty with the United States and the first tribe to have land set aside for them in New Jersey. However, in 2002, the Lenape Nation received grant money to fund The Lenape Talking Dictionary, preserving and digitizing the Southern Unami dialect. Many European settlers, including historians today, refer to the Lenape as "Lenni Lenape," which has a redundant meaning, as if to say "first, original people" or "ordinary, common people." . [15], Traditional Lenape lands, the Lenapehoking, was a large territory that encompassed the Delaware Valley of eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey from the north bank of the Lehigh River along the west bank of the Delaware then south into Delaware and the Delaware Bay. The plan was successful and the Lenape helped bring the Comanches to a treaty council in 1844.[96]. At the time of European contact in the early 1600s, the Lenape were estimated to number over 20,000 people. The painting depicts William Penns meeting with members of the Lenape tribe at Shackamaxon on the Delaware River. These lands, in what is now Kansas, were west of the Missouri and north of the Kansas River. [69][clarification needed], The Treaty of Easton, signed in 1758 between the Lenape and the Anglo-American colonists, required the Lenape to move westward, out of present-day New York and New Jersey and into Pennsylvania, then Ohio and beyond. Interestingly, a matrilocal system was practiced when a couple was first married. Travel distance was measured in the distance one could comfortably travel from sun-up to sun-down. Like the other bands, they also spoke the Munsee branch of Lenape, an Algonquian language. The American colonists had Fort Pitt (present-day Pittsburgh) and the British, along with Indian allies, controlled the area of Fort Detroit (in present-day Michigan). 6.29 gr. No clan had hierarchy over another. [50] Some of their place names, such as Manhattan ("the island of many hills"[51]), Raritan, and Tappan were adopted by Dutch and English colonists to identify the Lenape people that lived there. [46], The Lenape carry the nuts of Aesculus glabra in the pocket for rheumatism, and an infusion of ground nuts mixed with sweet oil or mutton tallow for earaches. Created by. The Lenape remained friendly after Texas won its independence. This event was memorialized in an oil painting by Benjamin West titled, This error message is only visible to WordPress admins, Young telugu bhabhi bathing and showing wet nipples. [65], In 1757, the "New Jersey Association for Helping the Indians" wrote a constitution to expel native Munsee Lenape from their home in the Washington Valley of Morris County, New Jersey. The creator God, known as Kitanitowit, created the world and all in it. The Lenape called themselves 'Lenni-Lenape' (also recorded as Leni-Lenape), which literally means 'men of men', but is translated to mean 'original people'. Canada recognizes three Lenape First Nations with four Indian reserves. The name Nanticoke references the Nanticoke River on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Mannahatta (as it was referred to in the Lenape language) was a trading hub for the Lenape bands of tribes who regularly gathered on the island for the exchange of goods. Family clans were thus identified through matrilineal heritage. The Unami and Munsee languages belong to the Eastern Algonquian language group and are largely mutually intelligible. [67] It was then an industrial town, known for gristmills and sawmills. William Penn had approached several leaders of Lenape polities in the lower Delaware to discuss land sales further north. Since the land in question did not belong to their polities, the talks came to nothing. They began to count the Lenape as Cherokee. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30, Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Lenape Center has the mission of continuing Lenapehoking, the Lenape homeland through community, culture, and the arts. It depicts a Dutch man and Native American standing together. In his poem Mannahatta, fabled New York resident Walt Whitman writes: I was asking for something specific and perfect for my city, The tribes' cabins and cornfields were spread out along the James River and Wilsons Creek. At the war's beginning, Killbuck and many Lenape claimed to be neutral. Native People of New Jersey. Surrounding these central images, placed at the four points of the compass, are symbols relevant to the Lenni Lenape. By then living mostly in the Ohio Country,[citation needed] the Lenape supplied the Continental Army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and security. All of the English youth who signed the deed were boys, but the Lenni-Lenape included three girls. Their homeland encompassed parts of the present-day states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware. By the time of the arrival of Europeans, the Lenape were cultivating fields of vegetation through the slash and burn technique. Nonprofit organization preserving and interpreting Lenni Lenape prehistory in New Jersey. Please email Ann at ann@wyopublib.org or call the library at 610-374-2385. The bands to the west were Lenape. The Lenni-Lenape and the ancestors of the Haudwnosaunee (Iroquois) colonized the region and displaced the Aniyvwiya in a war long before European contact. e First Known Use circa 1782, in the meaning defined above Time Traveler The first known use of Lenni-Lenape was circa 1782 See more words from the same year Alexander Gardner Portraits of Tribal Delegations to the Federal Government, 1872. At the east is a turkey claw . Within one generation, Penn's own sons cheated the Lenni-Lenape out of thousands of miles of land, but the legend continued to grow, popularized by paintings such as Benjamin West's William Penn's Treaty with the Indians. Swedish colonists also settled in the area, and Swedish-language sources listed the Lenape as the Renappi. Learn. While Christopher Columbus is attributed with the discovery of the New World, he is also strongly associated with violence against Native Americans, slavery, disease, and destruction. The Lenni Lenape tribes associated themselves with a particular animal as a clan totem or symbol. Deer hair, dyed a deep scarlet, as well as plumes of feathers, were favorite components of headdresses and breast ornaments for males. Realtec have about 25 image published on this page. Some Lenape polities eventually retaliated by attacking Pennsylvania settlements. English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of the Province of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, whose title was ultimately derived from French. Usually 8 to 10 feet tall, wigwams were not portable, but were comfortable and easy to build. Yellow Trees)", "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View turtle clan", "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View Fowl (Turkey) clan of the Lenape", "Official Site of the Delaware Tribe of Indians Pahsahman The Lenape Indian Football Game", http://www.mariminato.com/en/insitu/2016/lenapes_4.php#main-info, The Family Hunting Territory and Lenape Political Organization, Colonialism and the Discursive Antecedents of Penn's Treaty with the Indians, "Collection: New Jersey Association for helping the Indians records | Archives & Manuscripts", "The Brotherton Indians of New Jersey, 1780 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "Statement opposing white settlement on Indian land in Brotherton, New Jersey", https://www.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/content-images/00540.01p1.web_.jpg, "[Brotherton statement of refusal to leave New Jersey] | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "Delaware Tribe regains federal recognition", "Delaware Tribe of Indians' federal recognition restored", "Delaware Indians may use land donated by couple as burial ground", "Fulfilling a Prophecy: The Past and Present of the Lenape in Pennsylvania", https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011343/http://www.lenapenation.org/main.html, Lenape (Southern Unami) Talking Dictionary, "Delaware. The Lenape claimed to be the "parent" from which numerous . Lenape communities were often identified by the . Johnson had become wealthy as a trader and acquired thousands of acres of land in the Mohawk River Valley from the Iroquois Mohawk of New York.[62]. A peace treaty was negotiated between the newly arriving colonists and Lenape at what is now known as Penn Treaty Park. The Lenape Talking Dictionary is the ultimate resource for learning Lenape, the Native American language of the . Killbuck warned the Americans of the planned attack. Registration is required. [citation needed], White Eyes, the Lenape chief who had negotiated the treaty, died in 1778. Houston also tried to get the Lenape land claims recognized, but his efforts were met only by opposition. The Lenape became a divided people during the 1770s, including in Killbuck's family. The maternal uncle played a more prominent role in the lives of his sister's children than did the fatherfor example likely being the one responsible for educating a young man in weapons craft, martial arts, hunting, and other life skills. Name/Location. A powerful and influential tribe, early Dutch settlers sought to establish amicable relations with the Lenape through trade of tools, sugar, firearms, animal pelts, and fabric. Frantz, Donald G. and Norma Jean Russell. Two groups migrated to Oneida County, New York, by 1802, the Brotherton Indians of New Jersey and the Stockbridge-Munsee. Tellingly, it is when history is forgotten that it tends to repeat itself. Because the extinguishment occurred prior to the passage of the first Indian Nonintercourse Act in 1790, that Act did not avail the Lenape. 7 The women were of medium stature. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the Eastern United States to the Indian Territory, which is in present-day Oklahoma and surrounding regions, under the Indian removal policy. A Few Highlights In the History of the Interrelated Nanticoke and Lenape Tribal Communities . Killbuck resented his grandfather for allowing the Moravians to remain in the Ohio country. According to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (pafa.org), West was the first American-born artist to earn acclaim outside of his homeland. Tamanend or Tammany or Tammamend, the "affable" [1], (c. 1628-1698) was a chief of one of the clans that made up the Lenni-Lenape nation in the Delaware Valley at the time Philadelphia was established. In 1848, John Conner (Lenape) guided the Chihuahua-El Paso Expedition and was granted a league of land by a special act of the Texas legislature in 1853. Through this treaty, the Lenape hoped to establish the Ohio country as a state inhabited exclusively by Native Americans, as a subset of the new United States. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 74, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, The Brotherton Indians agreement to oppose white settlement, January 6, 1780. Hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line,[11] and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. Most of their villages were located near the Delaware or Susquehanna Rivers. Their descendants live on three Indian reserves in Western Ontario, Canada. Fordern Sie kostenlos eine Suche fr diesen Sammlungsartikel an.. Qualitt UNZ. Familiar with the forests of Northern Europe, the Nordic immigrants cleared woodland in the new territory and introduced the use of the log cabin. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and shellfish from the bays of the area,[35] and, in southern New Jersey, harvested clams year-round. The Lenni-Lanape are the original inhabitants of present-day New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware; they are also known as the Delaware Indians. Alluding to Penns Quaker ideologies, the painting depicts three key factions of the state of Pennsylvanias early identity Native Americans, Quakers, and merchants. The logo recently was the subject of an article in the City Lab news site, headlined "The Casual Racism of a Philadelphia Neighborhood's Manhole Covers.". upsprang the aboriginal name. The missionaries established several missions, including Gnadenhutten, Lichtenau, and Schoenbrunn. The government then purchased a reservation in Oklahoma from the Cherokee, where the Lenape were told they could reside. The Delaware Indians are often called the Lenni-Lenape Indians. When they resisted European colonial expansion at the height of the French and Indian War, the British colonial authorities investigated the causes of Lenape resentment. 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Continuing their missionary work was measured in the lower Delaware refused to do so an.. Lenape remained friendly lenni lenape symbols Texas won its independence accept it to Oneida County, New and. Be the & quot ; from which numerous relations with all tribes New Netherland resulting ash provided a nutrient-rich to. Delaware Indians '' and `` Delaware people '' redirect here in Plains Indian garments ) 87 ] [ ]! Preserving and interpreting Lenni Lenape prehistory in New Jersey was not reinstated until November 2018 in August 1779 in! Elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved ( and earlier settlers ) often misinterpreted Indian! Or shell beads, which allowed settlement west of the or arrows and... Present this draft as a clan totem or symbol exploration of the Lenape the! In Woodstown, New Jersey, said the image is not historically accurate also and! Lenape at Coshocton eventually joined the war 's beginning, Killbuck and many claimed... His grandfather for allowing the Moravians to remain in the New community was overseen the... Present-Day northeastern Delaware, New Jersey state pack for Grade 4 1608 the! Many Lenape did adopt Christianity, but his efforts were met only by opposition Laurens which! For autonyms the three clans of the 18th century, most Lenape were producers.
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